During the reigns of the first two Hanoverian Kings the Tory party was virtually proscribed. By the beginning of December 1714 it was possible to say that ‘hardly one Tory is left in any place, though never so mean a one’.Lord Carnarvon to Anthony Hammond, 7 Dec. 1714, Chandos letter bks. The exasperation of the Tories at this treatment was increased by the new King’s dissolution proclamation, urging his subjects to vote for Whigs.See p.
As soon as Walpole decided to resign, Newcastle and Hardwicke opened negotiations with Pulteney and Carteret for the formation of a new Whig Administration. On this a meeting of the two opposition parties was called to consider the Duke of Argyll’s rival plan ‘to extinguish party names and lay the foundation of government so large or broad that all who have opposed the Court may find their account in it,’ including the Tories.
When the news of the reconstruction of the ministry on a Townshend-Walpole-Sunderland basis was released in February 1721, it was
said with great confidence that though Sunderland is forced to submit to these things, yet he will have his party in the ministry, which he is now endeavouring to set up, by making, if he can prevail upon him to accept, Carleton president, and to make another secretary of state in whom he can confide. But the other party say he has no power.HMC Portland, v. 616.
Between the Revolution and the Hanoverian accession a two-party system developed. At the beginning of the period, in Macaulay’s words,
By George I’s accession St. Stephen’s Chapel in the Palace of Westminster, where the Commons had met since the reign of Edward VI, had been converted into a panelled chamber, about 58 feet long, 32 wide, and 30 high, lit mainly by three arched windows behind the Speaker, and at night by a chandelier, supplemented by sconces attached to pillars supporting galleries on three sides of the House, from which Members often spoke.
This section of the Survey provides a list of the abbreviations used in the volumes for this period, in addition to standard and self-explanatory abbreviations, Please note that there are separate lists for the preliminary paragraphs (the family and education and career elements) and for the notes.
In the preliminary paragraphs:
YOUNGE, Hitch (?1688-1759)