<p>With an estimated population of 855 in 1377, Bath was smaller than its sister city of Wells and completely overshadowed by its neighbour, Bristol. A merchant guild had come into existence before Bath received its first royal charter in 1189. By 1230 a mayor had appeared. In 1256, a further charter gave the citizens the right of returning royal writs, of bequeathing their property by will, and of nominating coroners;<fn>J.C. Russell, <em>Brit. Med. Pop.</em> 142; <em>Mun. Recs. Bath</em> ed.
Commons 1386-1421
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