The chief interests at Grantham were in two neighbouring Whig families, the dukes of Rutland, seated at Belvoir, seven miles from the borough, and the Brownlows of Belton and Humby, also not far away. The 3rd Earl of Cardigan, whose estate at Hougham was six miles from Grantham, supported the local Tories till his death in 1732. Most of the corporation were Tories.J. Garner to John Heathcote, 18 Mar. 1722, I Ancaster mss 13/B/2, Lincs. Archives Office.
At George I’s accession the chief interests at Boston were in the 1st Duke of Ancaster, recorder of the borough,P. Thompson, Hist. Boston, 458. and the Tory dominated corporation. Under the Tory ministry at the end of Anne’s reign the corporation had been able to return two Tories, Richard Wynn and Henry Heron, who were re-elected in 1715 unopposed.
The chief interest at Leicester was that of the Tory corporation, who were Jacobite sympathizers. Troops were quartered in the town during the rebellion of 1715. At the time of the Atterbury plot of 1722, the Duke of Rutland and other Whig leaders alleged that the corporation had allowed the enlisting of men in the Pretender’s service and the proclaiming of him as James III in the town. They were also accused of tolerating Jacobite disturbances in 1738 and 1744.
The chief interests at Wigan in 1715 were in Sir Roger Bradshaigh, Member for the borough since 1695, whose estate was one mile away, and in Lord Barrymore, who had inherited the interest of his father-in-law, Richard Savage, 4th Earl Rivers, M.P. Wigan 1681, and bought that of George Kenyon, M.P. Wigan 1713-15, for £300.Note in Bradshaigh’s hand on copy of letter from Geo. Kenyon to mayor of Wigan, 11 Dec. 1714, Rylands, Crawford mss. Elections depended on the mayor, who not only was the returning officer but could create new freemen ex officio.
Preston elections were dominated by the neighbouring country gentlemen, most of whom were Tories, if not Jacobites. The mainstay of the Whigs was the Hoghton family, the patrons of the strong local nonconformist community. The earls of Derby were influential, particularly after 1736, when Sir Edward Stanley, who had inherited a considerable estate in Preston itself, succeeded to the title.
Newton, a proprietary borough, was under the absolute control of the Leghs of Lyme who held the barony and nominated the returning officers.
The most important factor in Liverpool elections was the corporation, consisting of a mayor, two bailiffs, elected annually by the freemen, who also constituted the parliamentary electorate, and a predominantly Whig council of 41 members, a close body, which had gradually superseded a common hall, consisting of all the freemen.
In the first half of the eighteenth century Lancaster was still a port of some importance, though in course of being eclipsed by Liverpool. There was a large nonconformist element. The borough returned Whigs, usually either neighbouring country gentlemen or merchants with local connexions. There were no contests until 1727, when the notorious Colonel Charteris, having acquired an estate near Lancaster,
In 1715 Thomas Lister, a Tory, whose family had represented Clitheroe since the early seventeenth century, headed the poll, two other Tories, Thomas Parker, whose cousin, Christopher Parker, had represented Clitheroe 1708-13, and Edward Harvey, who had been put up by his kinsman, Ralph, 2nd Duke of Montagu, lord of the honour of Clitheroe, tying for the second seat. Harvey was declared elected by the House of Commons after Parker had refused to contest the return before the elections committee.CJ, xviii.
Owing to the proximity of Chatham dockyard the Admiralty was the largest employer at Rochester, usually nominating both Members, one of whom was always an admiral. Opposition took the form of demanding that the town should be represented by two admirals. In 1734 Admiral Sir John Norris was put up unsuccessfully without his consent against Newcastle’s brother-in-law, David Polhill, who wrote to Walpole, 5 Sept. 1733:
