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Family and Education
b. 25 Apr. 1599, 2nd but o. surv. s. of Robert Cromwell† of Huntingdon and Elizabeth (d. 18 Nov. 1654), da. of William Steward of Ely, Cambs. wid. of William Lynn of Bassingbourne.Abbott, Writings and Speeches, i. 10; Noble, Mems. of House of Cromwell, i. 82-4. educ. Huntingdon (Mr Long); Huntingdon free sch. (Dr Thomas Beard); Sidney Sussex, Camb. 1616-17;Noble, Mems of House of Cromwell, i. 93; Abbott, Writings and Speeches, i. 22-7; Al. Cant. ?L Inn c. 1618;Burton’s Diary, ii. 530; J. Heath, Flagellum (1665), 9. DCL, Oxf. 1649.Abbott, Writings and Speeches, ii. 73. m. 22 Aug. 1620, Elizabeth (d. c.1665), da. of Sir James Bourchier, Leatherseller of London and Little Stambridge Hall, nr. Rochford, Essex, 5s. (3 d.v.p.) inc. Richard* and Henry*, 4da. (1 d.v.p.).Noble, Mems. of House of Cromwell, i. 123, 129-59. suc. fa. 1617; uncle Richard Cromwell† 1628; uncle Sir Thomas Steward 1636.C142/361/140; C142/710/35. d. 3 Sept. 1658.Abbott, Writings and Speeches, iv. 872.
Offices Held

Civic: common cllr. Huntingdon ?by 1621 – 30; ?bailiff, 1626–7. 7 Jan. 1640Ferrar Pprs. ed. B. Blackstone (Cambridge, 1938), 247–8. Freeman, Cambridge; high steward, 1652–?d. High steward, Gloucester 30 Sept. 1651–?Dec. 1653.Glos. RO, GBR 3/2, pp. 639, 755; Hunts. RO, Cromwell-Bush 138; VCH Cambs. iii. 60; A. Barclay, Electing Cromwell, 117.

Local: j.p. Huntingdon 1624–30;C231/4, f. 163; R. Carruthers, Hist. Huntingdon (Huntingdon, 1824), app. I. of Ely ?1636, 20 July 1638–53;SP16/405; C231/5, p. 304; Coventry Docquets, 75. Hants 17 Mar. 1646–53;C231/6, pp. 41, 160. Mon. by 3 July 1649–53; England and Wales by Nov. 1650–53.Justices of the Peace ed. Phillips, 359–61 and passim. Feoffee, Parsons’ charity, Ely 30 Aug. 1636.Abbott, Writings and Speeches, i. 85. Commr. gaol delivery, I. of Ely 14 Sept. 1638, 12 Aug. 1645;C181/5, ff. 118, 258v. swans, 25 July 1639;C181/5, f. 147v. sewers, Deeping and Gt. Level 1 June, 9 Dec. 1641, 31 Jan. 1646;C181/5, ff. 197, 215, 269v. I. of Ely, 13 Sept. 1644;C181/5, f. 242. Cambs. 24 July 1645;C181/5, f. 256v. Lincs., Lincoln and Newark hundred 11 Feb. 1651;Lincs. RO, Spalding Sewers/449/9. assessment, Camb. 1642, 24 Feb. 1643, 18 Oct. 1644, 21 Feb. 1645, 23 June 1647, 16 Feb. 1648, 7 Apr., 7 Dec. 1649, 26 Nov. 1650, 10 Dec. 1652, 23 Nov. 1653; Hunts. 24 Feb. 1643, 18 Oct. 1644, 21 Feb. 1645, 23 June 1647, 16 Feb. 1648, 7 Apr., 7 Dec. 1649, 26 Nov. 1650, 10 Dec. 1652, 23 Nov. 1653; Hants 23 June 1647, 16 Feb. 1648, 7 Apr., 7 Dec. 1649, 26 Nov. 1650, 10 Dec. 1652; I. of Ely 16 Feb. 1648, 7 Apr., 7 Dec. 1649, 26 Nov. 1650, 10 Dec. 1652, 23 Nov. 1653; Glam. 7 Apr., 7 Dec. 1649, 26 Nov. 1650, 10 Dec. 1652, 23 Nov. 1653; Essex 10 Dec. 1652, 23 Nov. 1653;SR; A. and O.; An Act for an Assessment (1653, E.1062.28). associating midland cos. 15 Dec. 1642; sequestration, Cambs., Hunts. 27 Mar. 1643; levying of money, 7 May, 3 Aug. 1643; Eastern Assoc. 10 Aug., 20 Sept. 1643; New Model ordinance, Cambs., Hunts. 17 Feb. 1645; militia, Cambs., Hunts., Ely 2 Dec. 1648.A. and O. Custos rot. Cambs. 26 Mar. 1649–53;C231/6, p. 145. Hunts. 2 Apr. 1649–53;C231/6, p. 146. Mon. 5 Mar. 1650–53;Justices of the Peace ed. Phillips, 360. I. of Ely by Nov. 1650–53.Names of Justices (1650). Gov. Charterhouse, London 9 Dec. 1650–6 Mar. 1654.Charterhouse Muniments, G/2/1/2 Governors’ Assembly Orders, B, 1638–58, ff.113v, 159v.

Central: commr. for Irish affairs, 4 Apr. 1642.PJ ii. 403. Member, cttee. for foreign plantations, 2 Nov. 1643; cttee. of both kingdoms, 16 Feb., 23 May 1644. Commr. exclusion from sacrament, 5 June 1646, 29 Aug. 1648. Member, cttee. for sale of bishops’ lands, 30 Nov. 1646; cttee. for indemnity, 21 May 1647; A. and O. cttee. for the army, 6 Jan. 1649;CJ vi. 113b. cttee. of navy and customs, 13 Jan. 1649.CJ vi. 117a. Commr. high ct. of justice, 6 Jan. 1649.A. and O. Cllr. of state, 14 Feb. 1649, 12 Feb. 1650, 7 Feb., 24 Nov. 1651, 24 Nov. 1652, 7 July, 1 Nov. 1653.A. and O.; CJ vi. 141a, 361b, 532a; vii. 42a, 220a, 282a, 344a. Commr. Gt. Level of the Fens, 29 May 1649.A. and O.; An Act for an Assessment (1653, E.1062.28). Ld. protector, England, Scotland and Ireland 16 Dec. 1653–d.A. and O.

Military: capt. of horse (parlian.) by 18 Aug. 1642–d.;SP 28/1A/159; G. E. Aylmer, 'Was Oliver Cromwell a member of the Army in 1646–7 or not?', History, lvi. 183n. col. by 6 Feb. 1643.Bodl. Tanner 14, ff. 125, 157; Perfect Diurnall no. 38 (27 Feb.-6 Mar. 1643, E.246.37). Col. of horse and jt. dep. c.-in-c. Eastern Assoc. 25 July 1643-Apr. 1645.A. and O. Gov. I. of Ely c. 28 July 1643–5.CJ iii. 186a. Lt. gen. Eastern Assoc. 22 Jan. 1644-Apr. 1645;C. H. Firth, 'Raising of the Ironsides', TRHS xiii. 53; Abbott, Writings and Speeches, i. 272. New Model army, 10 June 1645 – 23 July 1646, recommissioned by Dec. 1646-Mar. 1649.CJ iv. 169b, 416a; Wanklyn, New Model Army, i. 73, 94. C.-in-c., col. of horse and ft. Ireland 30 Mar. 1649–d.CJ vi. 176b; Firth and Davies, Regimental Hist. ii. 593–4. Capt.-gen. and c.-in.c. England and Wales, 26 June 1650–d.; Scotland and Ireland, 16 Dec. 1653–d.A. and O. Col. of horse and ft. 26 June 1650–d.Firth and Davies, Regimental Hist. i. 67, 73, 200, 329, 330, 332; ii. 481, 486.

Irish: Ld. lt. and gov.-gen. Ireland, 22 June 1649–?Aug. 1652CJ vi. 239b, 245b; CSP Dom. 1649–50, p. 198. Commr. for Ireland, 25 Dec. 1650, 25 Aug. 1652.CJ vi. 176b; vii. 169b; A. and O.

Academic: chan. Oxf. Univ. Jan. 1651–d.Al. Ox.

Parlimentarian
CROMWELL, Oliver (1599-1658), of Austin Friars, Huntingdon, Hunts.; later of St. Ives, Hunts., Ely, Cambs. and the Cockpit, Whitehall
: of Ely, Cambs., King St., Drury Lane and the Cockpit, Westminster., Whitehall.
Likenesses

Likenesses: (see also Oxford DNB) miniature, S. Cooper, 1649;NPG. oil on canvas, R. Walker, c.1649;NPG; numerous other versions. oil on canvas, R. Walker, c.1649;Cromwell Museum, Huntingdon. miniature, S. Cooper, c.1650;Buccleuch colln. miniature, S. Cooper, c.1653;Private colln. oil on canvas, P. Lely, 1653-4;Birmingham Museums Trust; numerous other versions. oil on canvas, attrib. P. Lely, c.1654;Gallerie delgi Uffizi, Florence. oil on canvas, R. Walker, c.1655;D. Piper, ‘The contemporary portraits of Oliver Cromwell’, Walpole Soc. xxxiv. 39, plate VIIB. oil on canvas, unknown, c.1655;On loan to Cromwell Museum, Huntingdon. miniature, attrib. S. Cooper, c.1655;NPG. miniature, S. Cooper, 1656;NPG. miniature, S. Cooper, 1657;Compton Verney, Warws. ?oil on canvas, E. Mascall, 1657;Cromwell Museum, Huntingdon. ?oil on canvas, attrib. T. Wyck;A. Haldane, Portraits of the English Civil Wars (2017), 52-3, 146. oil on canvas, aft. S. Cooper;NPG. oil on canvas, circle of R. Walker;Cromwell Museum, Huntingdon. oil on canvas, double portrait with John Lambert*, R. Walker;Haldane, Portraits, 92-3, 149. oil on canvas, attrib. R. Walker;Oliver Cromwell’s House, Ely, Cambs. oil on copper, unknown;Chequers Court, Bucks. oil on canvas, unknown;National Museum Wales, Cardiff. medal, T. Simon, 1650;BM; NPG. medal, T. Simon, 1650;BM. medal, unknown, c.1650;BM. medal, T. Simon, 1653;BM; NPG. medal, aft. T. Simon, 1653;BM. great seal, T. Simon, 1655; coinage, T. Simon, 1656-8; designs for coinage, T. Simon, 1656;BM. medal, T. Simon, 1658;BM. medal, unknown, 1658;BM. bust, E. Pearce;Ashmolean Museum, Oxf. bust, E. Pearce, 1672;Museum of London. line engraving, unknown, 1646;J. Ricraft, A perfect List of all the Victories (1646, 669.f.10.79). line engraving, unknown, 1647;J. Ricraft, A Survey of Englands Champions (1647), opp. 67. line engraving, unknown, 1647;J. Vicars, England’s Worthies (1647), 46. line engraving, W. Hollar;BM. line engraving, P. Aubrey;NPG. line engraving, aft. R. Walker;NPG. line engraving, unknown;NPG. line engraving, M. Merian, 1650-60;BM. line engraving, F. Mazot, 1650-60;BM; NPG. line engraving, F. Mazot, aft. 1650;BM; NPG. line engraving, P. Stent, aft. 1650;BM. line engraving, R. van den Hoeye, 1650-8;BM. line engraving, R. Gaywood aft. R. Walker, 1653;BM; NPG. line engraving, R. Gaywood aft. R. Walker, 1654;BM. line engraving, R. Gaywood;BM. line engraving, B. Moncornet, 1653-8;BM; NPG. line engraving, W. Faithorne, 1654;NPG. line engraving, W. van de Passe, 1654-8;BM. line engraving, unknown, 1654-8;BM. line engraving, J. van de Velde, 1655;BM. line engraving, P. Lombart, 1655;BM; NPG. line engraving, P. Lombart aft. R. Walker;BM; NPG. line engraving, C. Waumans aft. R. Walker;BM; NPG. line engraving, F. Bouttats aft. R. Walker;NPG. line engraving, F.H. van Hove aft. R. Walker;NPG. line engraving, W. Faithorne, 1656;BM; NPG. line engraving, W. Faithorne aft. F. Barlow, 1658;BM; NPG. line engraving, unknown, aft. 1658;BM. line engraving, A. Andriesz, 1661;BM. death masks, 1658;Various versions including Ashmolean Museum; NPG. head of funeral effigy, T. or A. Simon, 1658.Museo Nazionale del Bargello, Florence.

Volume
Commons 1640-1660
Web Title

CROMWELL, Oliver (1599-1658), of Ely, Cambs., Drury Lane, King St. and the Cockpit, Whitehall, Westminster.

Will
not found, posthumously attainted, 1660.SR.
Estates
Invested £300 and a further £300, Apr. 1642, in the Irish Adventure, receiving an award of 1,257 acres in King’s County, Leinster.CSP Ire. (Adv.), pp. 319-20, 346; Bottigheimer, Eng. Money and Irish Land, 70, 179, 201. Lands worth £2,500 in fee simple to be bestowed on him by Parliament, 1 Dec. 1645;CJ iv. 360a. all lands of marquess of Worcester (Henry Somerset) and sons in Hants to be settled as part of this award, 23 Jan. 1646;CJ iv. 416a. to have manors of Abberston and Itchell, Hants, formerly of 5th marquess of Winchester (John Paulet), 31 Jan. 1646, order rescinded when discovered that Winchester was a life tenant only, 19 Jan. 1647;CJ iv. 426a, v. 57a. lands of marquess of Worcester in Glos. and Mon. to be settled, 5 May 1647, to include Glam. 7 Mar. 1648.CJ v. 162b, 482a. He valued the award of lands from Worcester’s estate at £1,680 p.a., 21 Mar. 1648; his offer to waive £1,000 p.a. of income plus arrears due for pay, for use in Ire., accepted by HC 24 Mar. 1648;Letters and Speeches ed. Carlyle, Lomas, i. 296; CJ v. 513a. bill to settle lands passed 31 May 1650.CJ vi. 418a. Revised, May 1651, to restore lands in Mon., Berks., Herefs. and Westmld. to Henry Somerset*, leaving estates centred on Tiddenham Chase, Glos., Chepstow, Mon. and Swansea and lordship of Gower, Glam., and a total of 31 advowsons.CJ vi. 601a-602a. Lands worth £4,000 p.a. to be settled, 11 Sept. 1651, bill passed 24 Dec. 1651.CJ vii. 15b, 56a. These lands, valued at more than the £4,000 p.a. specified in the grant, were confiscated from 2nd duke of Buckingham (George Villiers) and included 19 houses in the Strand, London; Burleigh and other manors, Rutland and Lincs.; Newhall manor, Essex; augmented 21 Sept. 1654 with Tallington and Uffington manors, Lincs., in reversion after d. of dowager countess of Rutland.CCC 493, 2184, 2192; I. Gentles, Oliver Cromwell (2011), 137.
Oxford 1644
No
Addresses
Drury Lane, Westminster, 1646 King St, 1647;Letters and Speeches of Oliver Cromwell ed. T. Carlyle, S. C. Lomas (3 vols. 1903), i. 247; Survey of London, x. 8. Cockpit and St James's House, Whitehall, 25 Feb. 1650.CJ vi. 371a. Hampton Court palace, 6 Sept. 1651-d.CJ vii. 13a.
Religion
Image